Understanding child sexual exploitation — how it differs from grooming, the warning signs, and how to report concerns.
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a form of child sexual abuse in which a child or young person is manipulated, coerced, or deceived into sexual activity in exchange for something they need or desire — such as gifts, money, affection, drugs, alcohol, or status. It can occur online and offline, and children may not recognise themselves as victims. CSE is defined in the KCSIE statutory guidance as a key safeguarding concern for schools and colleges.
Unlike grooming alone, CSE involves an element of exchange — the child receives or is promised something in return for sexual activity. This creates a power imbalance that is exploited by abusers, who may be peers, older individuals, or organised networks. Children may be passed between multiple abusers and may believe the relationship is consensual. The National Crime Agency and CEOP lead national intelligence and investigation of CSE networks.
1. Deliver age-appropriate CSE education
Young people who understand exploitation and healthy relationships are better equipped to identify and resist it. PSHE programmes should cover consent, healthy relationships, and what exploitation looks like in practice.
2. Know the CSE indicators and share information
All staff working with young people should know the CSE indicators. Information sharing between schools, police, and social care is essential — use the MASH (Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hub) referral process in your area.
3. Use a trauma-informed, non-judgemental approach
Children experiencing CSE often do not see themselves as victims. Adults must avoid language or responses that place blame on the young person, and instead focus on building trust and keeping lines of communication open.
Last reviewed: 2026-04-10