Helping children identify misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories online, and developing the critical thinking skills to question what they read.
Misinformation — false or misleading information spread regardless of intent — is widespread online. Disinformation is misinformation spread deliberately to deceive. Both can reach children through social media, messaging apps, YouTube videos, and websites designed to look credible. Conspiracy theories, health misinformation, and politically motivated fake news can all influence how children think about the world. A lack of media literacy skills makes young people particularly susceptible.
Misinformation spreads quickly because it is often emotionally compelling, confirms existing beliefs, or comes from a trusted-seeming source. Algorithms on social media platforms amplify content that generates strong reactions, which can mean that false or extreme content reaches more people than accurate reporting. Children may encounter misinformation from friends, family members, or influencers they trust, making it harder to question. Conspiracy theories often contain a kernel of real information or genuine grievance, which can make them more persuasive.
1. Teach the SIFT method
Introduce your child to the SIFT method for evaluating online information: Stop (pause before sharing), Investigate the source (who published this and why?), Find better coverage (check whether other credible sources report the same thing), and Trace claims to their origin. Practise using SIFT together on stories they share with you.
2. Discuss how algorithms shape what we see
Explain to your child that the content they see online is not random — it is selected by algorithms based on what keeps them engaged. This means they may be shown more of whatever they have reacted to, including false information. Understanding this helps them approach their feed with a more critical eye.
3. Model good information habits
When you share information with your child, demonstrate checking sources. Show them how to use fact-checking sites such as Full Fact (fullfact.org) and how to identify a credible news outlet. Normalise saying 'I'm not sure — let's check that' rather than accepting claims at face value.
Last reviewed: 2026-04-15