Recognising non-accidental physical injury in children and knowing how to respond appropriately.
Physical abuse involves deliberately causing physical harm to a child. It includes hitting, shaking, throwing, burning, poisoning, or otherwise causing non-accidental physical injury. It may also involve fabricating or inducing illness in a child. Physical abuse causes both immediate harm and long-term psychological damage.
Physical abuse often occurs within the home but can also happen in institutional settings such as schools, sports clubs, or care settings. Abusers may minimise or explain away injuries. Children may not disclose abuse due to fear, loyalty, or because they have been told the injuries were their fault. Repeated physical abuse can cause serious and cumulative harm.
1. Know the signs and take injuries seriously
Any unexplained or inconsistently explained injury in a child should prompt careful consideration and recording. Do not accept implausible explanations without seeking advice from your DSL or children's services.
2. Create a culture where children feel safe to speak
Children are more likely to disclose abuse in environments where they trust adults and where they know they will be believed. Pastoral and PSHE programmes play an important role in this.
3. Follow safer recruitment and supervision practices
Ensure that all adults working with children in your organisation have been appropriately DBS checked and that safeguarding training is up to date. Physical abuse can occur in institutional settings as well as in the home.
Last reviewed: 2026-04-10