Understanding FGM, the mandatory reporting duty under the Serious Crime Act 2015, and how to recognise children at risk.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It is illegal in the UK, causes significant and lasting physical and psychological harm, and is a form of child abuse. Since October 2015, there has been a mandatory duty on regulated health and social care professionals and teachers in England and Wales to report known cases of FGM in girls under 18 to the police.
FGM is typically carried out by a practitioner in the community, often during childhood or early adolescence. Girls may be taken abroad during school holidays for the procedure, or FGM may be performed in the UK. The practice is associated with specific cultural, ethnic, and geographical communities, but it is important to be aware of risk without stereotyping. Families may not recognise that FGM constitutes abuse.
1. Know the mandatory reporting duty
Under the Serious Crime Act 2015, teachers and health professionals must report known cases of FGM in girls under 18 directly to the police. This duty applies where the professional has been told about FGM or has observed it — it is not discretionary.
2. Use the FGM risk indicator checklist
Schools in particular should use risk assessment tools prior to school holidays to identify girls who may be at risk. The Home Office and NSPCC provide guidance materials and checklists for this purpose.
3. Refer concerns to your DSL promptly
If you have a concern that a girl may be at risk of FGM before it occurs, this is a child protection matter and should be referred to your DSL immediately. Early intervention can prevent the procedure from taking place.
Last reviewed: 2026-04-10