Misinformation & Media Literacy
Helping children identify misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories online, and developing the critical thinking skills to question what they read.
What is this?
Misinformation — false or misleading information spread regardless of intent — is widespread online. Disinformation is misinformation spread deliberately to deceive. Both can reach children through social media, messaging apps, YouTube videos, and websites designed to look credible. Conspiracy theories, health misinformation, and politically motivated fake news can all influence how children think about the world. A lack of media literacy skills makes young people particularly susceptible.
How it works
Misinformation spreads quickly because it is often emotionally compelling, confirms existing beliefs, or comes from a trusted-seeming source. Algorithms on social media platforms amplify content that generates strong reactions, which can mean that false or extreme content reaches more people than accurate reporting. Children may encounter misinformation from friends, family members, or influencers they trust, making it harder to question. Conspiracy theories often contain a kernel of real information or genuine grievance, which can make them more persuasive.
Warning signs
In your child's behaviour
- • Repeating unverified claims as established fact
- • Expressing distrust of mainstream news sources or scientific consensus
- • Sharing content online without checking sources first
On their device
- • Following accounts known for spreading misinformation or conspiracy theories
- • Browsing fringe websites or forums that promote unverified claims
Prevention steps
Teach the SIFT method
Introduce your child to the SIFT method for evaluating online information: Stop (pause before sharing), Investigate the source (who published this and why?), Find better coverage (check whether other credible sources report the same thing), and Trace claims to their origin. Practise using SIFT together on stories they share with you.
Discuss how algorithms shape what we see
Explain to your child that the content they see online is not random — it is selected by algorithms based on what keeps them engaged. This means they may be shown more of whatever they have reacted to, including false information. Understanding this helps them approach their feed with a more critical eye.
Model good information habits
When you share information with your child, demonstrate checking sources. Show them how to use fact-checking sites such as Full Fact (fullfact.org) and how to identify a credible news outlet. Normalise saying 'I'm not sure — let's check that' rather than accepting claims at face value.
What to do if it happens
- 1If your child has shared misinformation online, avoid making them feel foolish. Acknowledge that misinformation is designed to be convincing and use it as an opportunity to work through why the claim was false.
- 2If your child has become deeply invested in a conspiracy theory, avoid direct confrontation — this tends to entrench beliefs further. Instead, ask open questions about the evidence and gently introduce alternative perspectives over time.
- 3If misinformation appears to be affecting your child's mental health, wellbeing, or relationships — for example, causing significant anxiety about world events — consider speaking to your GP or a counsellor.
Related topics
This is practical educational content to support families. For case-specific concerns about a child's safety, contact the NSPCC helpline on 0808 800 5000 or your local safeguarding team.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Last reviewed: 2026-04-15