AI Chatbots and Children: Understanding the Emerging Risks

The rapid adoption of AI chatbots has introduced a new category of risk for children that many parents are only just becoming aware of. Tools like ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and character-based AI platforms are being used by millions of young people — often without meaningful age verification or parental oversight. The risks fall into several categories. First, misinformation: AI chatbots can generate convincing but entirely fabricated information. Children using these tools for homework or research may accept false statements as fact. Second, emotional manipulation: some AI platforms allow users to create custom characters, and children have reported forming emotional attachments to AI personalities — raising concerns about healthy relationship development. Third, content safety: whilst major AI providers implement safety filters, they are imperfect, and children can sometimes elicit harmful content through creative prompting. Perhaps most concerning is the conversational nature of these tools. Unlike a website, a chatbot feels personal and responsive. Children may share personal information, ask for advice on sensitive topics, or seek emotional support from a system that cannot provide genuine care or refer them to appropriate help. Research from the Internet Watch Foundation and the Alan Turing Institute has highlighted additional concerns about AI-generated child sexual abuse material and the use of AI tools in grooming scenarios. These represent serious, evolving threats that policymakers and platforms are racing to address. What parents can do: Discuss AI tools openly with your child. Explain that chatbots are not people, cannot be trusted to provide accurate information, and should never be treated as a substitute for human relationships or professional advice. Check whether your child is using any character-based AI apps and review the content. Encourage critical thinking: if an AI says something, ask 'How would we check if that is true?' Finally, stay informed — this is a rapidly changing area, and the risks will continue to evolve.